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In a historic and worrying escalation of political repression, the Belarusian Interior Ministry on 7 May 2025 officially classified the Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Hramada), or BSDP, as an "extremist formation". It is the first time since the country's independence that a legally registered democratic opposition party has been classified in this way.
The measure does not only target the organisation itself. Prominent members of the party, including the current party chairman, have also been flagged as extremists. In addition, associated social media accounts and e-mail addresses have been blacklisted. This move effectively criminalises any involvement with the BSDP or its digital presence.
The BSDP was founded in 1991 and functioned legally for more than 30 years as an outspoken advocate of social democratic values in Belarus. The party had more than 1,100 members before the Supreme Court revoked its official registration in 2023. After this judicial dissolution, the party stopped all its activities within the country for security reasons, handing over representation to members in exile.
Despite domestic repression, the BSDP continued to maintain international ties. The party is a full member of the Progressive Alliance and was granted observer status within the Party of European Socialists (PES) in late 2023.
Human rights organisations and international observers warn that the extremist label could be the harbinger of a new wave of political persecution. The BSDP itself expects an increase in repression following the decision, including the possible arrest of former members and confiscation of their private property.
Even before the liquidation, the BSDP was under severe pressure from the authorities. At least 18 members were recognised as political prisoners, nine of whom are still detained. One of the most tragic losses for the party was the death of Ihar Lednik, a prominent member who died in captivity.
This latest development highlights the full-blown dictatorship that has taken root in Belarus, and the enormous risks faced by political dissidents - even those who have always campaigned peacefully and democratically. It is essential for European partners to continue to speak out about our Belarusian counterparts - their struggle reflects the broader struggle for democracy and justice on our continent.
